Actions of Ceftazidime in details
Pharmacology: Ceftazidime is a 3rd-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is bactericidal in action. Like other cephalosporins, the antibacterial activity of the drug results from inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. Ceftazidime is generally less active in vitro against susceptible staphylococci than 1st-generation cephalosporins but has an expanded spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria compared with 1st- and 2nd-generation cephalosporins.
Pharmacokinetics: Ceftazidime is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and must be given parenterally. It is administered as the sodium salt.
Following IM administration of a single 0.5- or 1-g dose of Ceftazidime in healthy adults, peak serum concentrations of the drug are attained approximately 1 hr after the dose and average 17 or 29-39 mcg/mL, respectively.
Following IM injection into the gluteus maximus or vastus lateralis, Ceftazidime may be absorbed more slowly in women than in men. In women, peak serum concentrations of the drug may be lower following IM injection into the gluteus maximus than into the vastus lateralis.
Following IV infusion over 20-30 min of a single 0.5- or 1-g dose of Ceftazidime in healthy men, peak serum concentrations of the drug at completion of the infusion average 42 or 69 mcg/mL, respectively.
Following IM or IV administration, Ceftazidime is widely distributed into body tissues and fluids including the gallbladder, bone, bile, skeletal muscle, prostatic tissue, endometrium, myometrium, heart, skin, adipose tissue, aqueous humor and sputum, and pleural, peritoneal, synovial, ascitic, lymphatic and blister fluids.
Ceftazidime is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged principally in urine by glomerular filtration.
Following IM or IV administration of a single 0.5- or 1-g dose of Ceftazidime in adults with normal renal function, 80-90% of the dose is excreted in urine unchanged within 24 hrs: Approximately 50% of the dose is excreted within 2 hrs after the dose. Serum clearance of Ceftazidime averages 98-122 mL/min in healthy adults.
In geriatric patients 63-83 years with urinary tract infections, serum clearance of Ceftazidime averaged 70 mL/min and the serum half-life of the drug averaged 2.9 hrs.
The serum half-life of Ceftazidime is longer in neonates than in older children and adults, but does not appear to be related to gestational age or birth weight.
Microbiology: Gram-Positive Aerobic Bacteria: Ceftazidime is generally active in vitro against the following gram-positive aerobic cocci: Penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A α-hemolytic streptococci (S. pyogenes), group B (eg, S. agalactiae), and viridans streptococci. However, in vitro on a weight basis, Ceftazidime is slightly less active than most other currently available 3rd-generation cephalosporins against these gram-positive bacteria.
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria: Neisseria: Ceftazidime is active in vitro against Neisseria meningitidis and most strains of penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoea.
Haemophilus: Ceftazidime is active in vitro against most α-lactamase-producing and non-α-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. ducreyi.
Enterobacteriaceae: Generally, Ceftazidime is active in vitro against the following Enterobacteriaceae: Citrobacter diversus, C. freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, Morganella morganii (formerly Proteus morganii), Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri (formerly Proteus rettgeri), P. stuartii, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica.
Pseudomonas: Ceftazidime is active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro on a weight basis, Ceftazidime is more active against P. aeruginosa than other currently available cephalosporins. In addition, Ceftazidime is active in vitro against some strains of P. aeruginosa resistant to other 3rd-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and extended-spectrum penicillins. Ceftazidime is also active against Pseudomonas other than P. aeruginosa.
Anaerobic Bacteria: Ceftazidime is active in vitro against some gram-positive anaerobic bacteria including some strains of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Propionibacterium. Ceftazidime has little in vitro activity against gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.
How should I take Ceftazidime?
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain Ceftazidime. It may not be specific to Ceftazidime. Please read with care.
A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine. This medicine is given as a shot into one of your muscles or through a needle placed in one of your veins.
Ceftazidime pharmacology
Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic for parenteral administration. Ceftazidime is bactericidal in action exerting its effect by inhibition of enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis, primarily penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). A wide range of gram-negative organisms is susceptible to Ceftazidime in vitro, including strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In addition, Ceftazidime has been shown to be active against gram-positive organisms. It is highly stable to most clinically important beta-lactamases, plasmid or chromosomal, which are produced by both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and, consequently, is active against many strains resistant to ampicillin and other cephalosporins. Ceftazidime has activity against the gram-negative organisms Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. Its activity against Pseudomonas is a distinguishing feature of Ceftazidime among the cephalosporins.
References
- DailyMed. "CEFTAZIDIME: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- NCIt. "Ceftazidime Anhydrous: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- EPA DSStox. "Ceftazidime: DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.". https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/ds... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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The results of a survey conducted on ndrugs.com for Ceftazidime are given in detail below. The results of the survey conducted are based on the impressions and views of the website users and consumers taking Ceftazidime. We implore you to kindly base your medical condition or therapeutic choices on the result or test conducted by a physician or licensed medical practitioners.User reports
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
