Consists of chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, menthol, phenylephrine hydrochloride
What is Chlorpheniramine maleate?
Chlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.
Chlorpheniramine maleate is used to treat runny nose, sneezing, itching, and watery eyes caused by allergies, the common cold, or the flu.
Chlorpheniramine maleate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Chlorpheniramine maleate indications
Temporary relief of sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, itchy nose or throat, and runny nose caused by hay fever (allergic rhinitis), or other respiratory allergies.
How should I use Chlorpheniramine maleate?
Use Chlorpheniramine maleate as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Chlorpheniramine maleate may be taken with or without food.
- Shake well before using.
- Use the dropper that comes with Chlorpheniramine maleate to measure your dose. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.
- If you miss a dose of Chlorpheniramine maleate, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Chlorpheniramine maleate.
Uses of Chlorpheniramine maleate in details
This medication is used to treat itching and pain caused by minor burns/cuts/scrapes, sunburn, insect bites, minor skin irritations, or rashes from poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac.
Diphenhydramine belongs to a class of drugs known as antihistamines. It works by preventing the effects of a certain natural substance (histamine) that causes itching. Calamine helps to dry the oozing and weeping caused by irritation from poisonous plants.
Use of this medication is not recommended in children younger than 2 years unless directed by the doctor.
How to use Chlorpheniramine maleate topical
Use this medication on the skin only. Some products may need to be shaken well before use. Follow all directions on the product package, or use as directed by your doctor. Before applying, clean the affected area with soap and water. Gently pat dry. Apply to the affected area as directed, usually 3 to 4 times a day. Wash hands immediately after use, unless the area being treated includes the hands.
Do not use on large areas of the body or apply more often than directed. Do not use on chickenpox or measles. Do not use with other products that contain diphenhydramine (e.g., allergy medication taken by mouth). Your condition will not clear faster, but side effects may be increased.
Avoid getting the product in your eyes, nose, ears, or mouth. If the medication gets in these areas, rinse the area right away with clean water.
Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens after 7 days of treatment. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.
Chlorpheniramine maleate description
An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
Chlorpheniramine maleate dosage
Tab Adult & childn >12 yr 1 tab tds-qds. Childn 6-12 yr ½ tab tds-qds. Syr Adult 5 mL tds-qds. Childn 6-12 yr 2.5 mL tds-qds, 2-5 yr 1.25 mL tds-qds.
Chlorpheniramine maleate interactions
See also:
What other drugs will affect Chlorpheniramine maleate?
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.
Some products that may interact with this drug include: antihistamines applied to the skin (such as diphenhydramine cream, ointment, spray), antispasmodics (e.g., atropine, belladonna alkaloids), drugs for Parkinson's disease (e.g., anticholinergics such as benztropine, trihexyphenidyl), scopolamine, tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline).
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you also take drugs that cause drowsiness such as: certain antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), anti-seizure drugs (e.g., carbamazepine), medicine for sleep or anxiety (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, narcotic pain relievers (e.g., codeine), psychiatric medicines (e.g., chlorpromazine, risperidone, amitriptyline, trazodone). Check the labels on all your medicines (e.g., cough-and-cold products) because they may contain drowsiness-causing ingredients. Ask your pharmacist about the safe use of those products.
Chlorpheniramine maleate is very similar to dexchlorpheniramine. Do not use medications containing dexchlorpheniramine while using Chlorpheniramine maleate.
This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including allergy skin testing), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.
Chlorpheniramine maleate side effects
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Chlorpheniramine maleate?
Mild stinging, redness, swelling, or dry/flaky skin may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
In the US -
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
Chlorpheniramine maleate contraindications
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Chlorpheniramine maleate?
Hypersensitivity to antihistamines; narrow-angle glaucoma; stenosing peptic ulcer; symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy; asthmatic attack; bladder neck obstruction; pyloroduodenal obstruction; MAO therapy; use in newborn or premature infants and in breast-feeding mothers.
What is Dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide is a cough suppressant. It affects the signals in the brain that trigger cough reflex.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide is used to treat a cough.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide will not treat a cough that is caused by smoking, asthma, or emphysema.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide indications
*Pholcodine is used to help stop coughing.
* It is a member of a group of drugs called anti-tussives, sometimes known as cough suppressants.
* In general this drug is used to relieve dry and tickly coughs that do not produce any mucus (phlegm).
* Benefits of being on this drug can include decreasing or stopping you coughing.
Listed below are the typical uses of Pholcodine:
* Relief of dry, tickly cough (does not produce any mucus (phlegm)) which is linked to an infection in your nose, sinuses or windpipe (upper respiratory tract).
How should I use Dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
Use Dextromethorphan hydrobromide as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Take Dextromethorphan hydrobromide by mouth with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.
- Do not remove the strip from the pouch until you are ready to take Dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Be sure that your hands are dry when you touch the strip.
- Remove the strip from the pouch and place it onto the tongue. The strip dissolves quickly and can be swallowed with saliva. It may be taken with or without water.
- Use the strip right away after you open the pouch. Do not store it for future use.
- If you miss a dose of Dextromethorphan hydrobromide and you are taking it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Dextromethorphan hydrobromide.
Uses of Dextromethorphan hydrobromide in details
This medication is used for temporary relief of coughs without phlegm that are caused by certain infections of the air passages (e.g., sinusitis, common cold). This product should not usually be used for an ongoing cough from smoking or long-term breathing problems (e.g., chronic bronchitis, emphysema) unless directed by your doctor. This product contains Dextromethorphan hydrobromide. It is a cough suppressant that works by decreasing the feeling of needing to cough.
Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Therefore, do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely.
These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients. Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).
How to use Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
Take this medication by mouth, usually every 4 to 12 hours as needed or as directed by your doctor. If stomach upset occurs, take with food or milk. Use a medication-measuring device to measure your dose of liquid medication. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are taking a suspension, shake the product well before measuring out your dose.
Dosage is based on the product you are taking and your age, medical condition, and response to treatment. If you are using this medication for self-treatment (without a prescription from your doctor), follow the specific dosing instructions on the packaging to find the correct dose for your age.
If your doctor directs you to take this medication daily, take it regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.
Improper use of this medication (abuse) may result in serious harm (e.g., brain damage, seizure, death). Do not increase your dose, take it more frequently, or use it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed.
Tell your doctor if your symptoms persist or worsen after more than 1 week or if you also have fever, chills, headache, or rash. These may be signs of a more serious condition.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide description
The d-isomer of the codeine analog of levorphanol. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide dosage
Dosage Forms
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Capsule,
Oral, as hydrobromide:
Robafen Cough: 15 mg [contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), fd&c red #40]
Robitussin Lingering CoughGels: 15 mg [contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), fd&c red #40, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol]
Gel,
Oral, as hydrobromide:
ElixSure Cough: 7.5 mg/5 mL (120 mL) [alcohol free; contains carbomer 934p, propylene glycol, propylparaben; cherry bubblegum flavor]
Liquid,
Oral, as hydrobromide:
Buckleys Cough: 12.5 mg/5 mL (118 mL) [alcohol free, sugar free; contains butylparaben, menthol, propylparaben, saccharin sodium]
Little Colds Cough Formula: 7.5 mg/mL (30 mL) [alcohol free, dye free, saccharin free; contains sodium benzoate; grape flavor]
PediaCare Childrens Long-Act: 7.5 mg/5 mL (118 mL) [contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate]
Robitussin Lingering LA Cough: 15 mg/5 mL (118 mL [DSC]) [contains alcohol, usp, fd&c red #40, menthol, saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate]
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide: 10 mg/5 mL (480 mL [DSC], 3780 mL [DSC]) [alcohol free, dye free, fructose free, sodium free, sorbitol free, sugar free]
Triaminic Long Acting Cough: 7.5 mg/5 mL (118 mL) [alcohol free, dye free, pseudoephedrine free; contains benzoic acid, propylene glycol]
Lozenge, Mouth/Throat, as hydrobromide:
Hold: 5 mg (10 ea)
Hold: 5 mg (10 ea) [cherry flavor]
Trocal Cough Suppressant: 7.5 mg (1 ea [DSC])
Strip,
Oral, as hydrobromide:
Triaminic Long Acting Cough: 7.5 mg (14 ea, 16 ea) [contains alcohol, usp, fd&c red #40; cherry flavor]
Triaminic Long Acting Cough: 7.5 mg (14 ea) [contains alcohol, usp, fd&c red #40, isopropyl alcohol]
Suspension Extended Release,
Oral:
Cough DM: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL) [alcohol free; contains fd&c yellow #10 aluminum lake, methylparaben, polysorbate 80, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite; orange flavor]
Delsym: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL, 148 mL) [alcohol free; contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), disodium edta, methylparaben, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, propylparaben; grape flavor]
Delsym: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL, 148 mL) [alcohol free; contains edetate disodium, fd&c yellow #6 (sunset yellow), methylparaben, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, propylparaben; orange flavor]
Delsym Cough Childrens: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL, 148 mL) [alcohol free; contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), edetate disodium, methylparaben, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, propylparaben, soybean oil; grape flavor]
Delsym Cough Childrens: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL, 148 mL) [alcohol free; contains edetate disodium, fd&c yellow #6 (sunset yellow), methylparaben, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, propylparaben, soybean oil; orange flavor]
GoodSense Cough DM: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (148 mL) [alcohol free, gluten free; contains fd&c yellow #10 aluminum lake, methylparaben, polysorbate 80, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
GoodSense Cough DM Childrens: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL, 148 mL) [alcohol free, gluten free; contains fd&c yellow #10 aluminum lake, methylparaben, polysorbate 80, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
Robitussin 12 Hour Cough: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL) [alcohol free; contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), methylparaben, polysorbate 80, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
Robitussin 12 Hour Cough: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL) [alcohol free; contains fd&c yellow #10 (quinoline yellow), methylparaben, polysorbate 80, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
Robitussin 12 Hour Cough
Child: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL) [alcohol free; contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), methylparaben, polysorbate 80, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
Generic: Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex [equivalent to Dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrobromide 30 mg/5 mL] (89 mL)
Syrup,
Oral, as hydrobromide:
Creomulsion
Adult: 20 mg/15 mL (118 mL [DSC])
Creomulsion for Children: 5 mg/5 mL (118 mL [DSC]) [cherry flavor]
Robitussin Childrens Cough LA: 7.5 mg/5 mL (118 mL) [alcohol free; contains fd&c red #40, propylene glycol, saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate; fruit punch flavor]
Silphen DM Cough: 10 mg/5 mL (118 mL) [contains alcohol, usp; strawberry flavor]
Triaminic Long Acting Cough: 7.5 mg/5 mL (118 mL [DSC]) [alcohol free, dye free; contains benzoic acid, edetate disodium, propylene glycol]
Dosing: Adult
Cough suppressant:
Oral: 10 to 20 mg every 4 hours
or 20 to 30 mg every 6 to 8 hours; extended release: 60 mg twice daily; maximum: 120 mg/24 hours
Dosing: Geriatric
Refer to adult dosing.
Dosing: Pediatric
Note: Safety and efficacy for the use of cough and cold products in infants and young children limited; the AAP warns against the use of these products for respiratory illnesses in infants and young children (AAP 2018; FDA 2017).
Cough suppressant:
Oral:
Oral syrup (immediate release):
Children 2 to <6 years: 5 mg every 4 hours as needed; do not exceed 6 doses in 24 hours.
Children 6 to <12 years: 10 mg every 4 hours as needed; do not exceed 6 doses in 24 hours.
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: 20 mg every 4 hours as needed; do not exceed 6 doses in 24 hours.
Long-acting liquid: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: 30 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed; do not exceed 4 doses in 24 hours.
Oral capsule: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: 30 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed; do not exceed 4 doses in 24 hours.
Extended-release suspension (Dextromethorphan hydrobromide polistirex):
Children 4 to <6 years: 15 mg every 12 hours as needed; do not exceed 30 mg in 24 hours.
Children 6 to <12 years: 30 mg every 12 hours as needed; do not exceed 60 mg in 24 hours.
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: 60 mg every 12 hours as needed; do not exceed 120 mg in 24 hours.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide interactions
See also:
What other drugs will affect Dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.
This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious, possibly fatal interactions may occur: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs).
If you are currently using any such medicine, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting Pholcodine.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and non-prescription/herbal products you may use, especially of:
* CNS depressants e.g. hypnotics (sleeping tablets including barbiturates)
* Minor tranquillisers (drugs used to relax muscles or decrease anxiety)
* Opioid analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain e.g. codeine, tramadol, morphine)
* Tricyclic antidepressants (drugs to treat mood disorders)
* Phenothiazine (drug used to treat mood disorders)
* Diuretics (water pills used for high blood pressure)
* Antihypertensives (drugs used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions)
* Neuromuscular blocking agents (anaesthetics used during surgery)
* Any other cough or cold medicines
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide side effects
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
If any of these persist or you consider them severe then inform your doctor or pharmacist.
Tell your doctor immediately if you develop any of the following symptoms: sudden wheeziness; difficulty in breathing.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
A serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), dizziness, trouble breathing.
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide contraindications
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
This medication is not recommended cons in the following situations:
- Hypersensitivity to any component of the syrup,
- Respiratory failure,
- Cough in asthmatic
- Breastfeeding: pholcodine passes into breast milk with codeine, some cases of hypotonia and respiratory pauses were described in infants after ingestion by mothers of supratherapeutic doses of codeine. If breastfeeding, and by extrapolation of codeine, this medication is given cons-
Due to the presence of sucrose, this drug is cons-indicated in cases of fructose intolerance, malabsorption of glucose and galactose or sucrase-isomaltase.
What is Menthol?
Relieving minor pain caused by conditions such as arthritis, backache, bruising, bursitis, cramping, muscle strains or sprains, and tendonitis. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Menthol is a topical analgesic. It works by temporarily relieving minor pain.
Menthol indications
Oral
Nasal congestion; Throat irritation
Adult: As a loz (usually in combination with eucalyptus oil or cetylpyridinium chloride): 1 loz every 3 hr, to be sucked slowly.
Child: >6 yr: As a lozenge (usually in combination with eucalyptus oil or cetylpyridinium chloride): 1 lozenge every 3 hr, to be sucked slowly.
Topical/Cutaneous
Muscular aches and pains
Adult: As an ointment/cream (usually in combination with camphor, clove oil or methyl salicylate): Apply and rub gently onto the affected skin areas 2-3 times daily.
How should I use Menthol?
Use Menthol as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Wash your hands before and right after using Menthol.
- Spray Menthol directly onto the affected area. Do not rub or massage the medicine into the skin.
- Do not wrap, bandage, or use a heating pad on the treated area.
- Do not apply Menthol more than 4 times daily.
- If you miss a dose of Menthol, use it as soon as you remember. Continue to use it as directed by your doctor or on the package label.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Menthol.
Uses of Menthol in details
Pharmaceutical Aid
Menthol description
Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (-)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.
Menthol dosage
Oral
Nasal congestion; Throat irritation
Adult: As a loz (usually in combination with eucalyptus oil or cetylpyridinium chloride): 1 loz every 3 hr, to be sucked slowly.
Child: >6 yr: As a lozenge (usually in combination with eucalyptus oil or cetylpyridinium chloride): 1 lozenge every 3 hr, to be sucked slowly.
Topical/Cutaneous
Muscular aches and pains
Adult: As an ointment/cream (usually in combination with camphor, clove oil or methyl salicylate): Apply and rub gently onto the affected skin areas 2-3 times daily.
Menthol interactions
Tell your doctor of any over-the-counter or prescription medication you may take including: blood thinners.
Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.
Menthol side effects
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Menthol?
May cause hypersensitivity reactions such as cutaneous dermatitis. Ingestion of large amount of menthol may cause GI effects such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, ataxia, drowsiness and coma.
Menthol contraindications
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Menthol?
Not to be used in
No known conditions.
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy. If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
What is Phenylephrine hydrochloride?
Phenylephrine hydrochloride (Phenylephrine hydrochloride) is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is used to treat nasal and sinus congestion, or congestion of the tubes that drain fluid from your inner ears, called the eustachian (yoo-STAY-shun) tubes.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride indications
Phenylephrine hydrochloride Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution, USP 2.5% and 10%, is indicated to dilate the pupil.
How should I use Phenylephrine hydrochloride?
Use Phenylephrine hydrochloride as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Phenylephrine hydrochloride is for use in the eye only. Avoid contact with the nose or mouth.
- To use Phenylephrine hydrochloride, first, wash your hands. Tilt your head back. Using your index finger, pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to form a pouch. Drop the medicine into the pouch and gently close your eyes. Immediately use your finger to apply pressure to the inside corner of the eye for 1 to 2 minutes. Do not blink. Remove excess medicine around your eye with a clean tissue, being careful not to touch your eye. Wash your hands to remove any medicine that may be on them.
- To prevent germs from contaminating your medicine, do not touch the applicator tip to any surface, including your eye. Keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not wear contact lenses while you are using Phenylephrine hydrochloride. Sterilize contact lenses according to the manufacturer's directions and check with your doctor before using them.
- Do not use Phenylephrine hydrochloride if it is brown or contains particles.
- If you miss a dose of Phenylephrine hydrochloride, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Phenylephrine hydrochloride.
Uses of Phenylephrine hydrochloride in details
Use: Labeled Indications
Hypotension/shock: Treatment of hypotension, vascular failure in shock. Note: Not recommended for routine use in the treatment of septic shock; use should be limited until more evidence demonstrating positive clinical outcomes becomes available (Rhodes 2017).
Guideline recommendations:
Cardiogenic shock: The 2017 American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement for the Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock recommends Phenylephrine hydrochloride, if needed, be considered for initial vasoactive management of cardiogenic shock due to aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, or dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (AHA [van Diepen 2017]).
Hypotension during anesthesia: As a vasoconstrictor in regional analgesia
Nasal congestion: As a decongestant [OTC]
Off Label Uses
Hypotension in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a pure alpha1 agonist that will increase systemic vascular resistance without increasing heart rate or contractility. This is advantageous in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypotension since increases in both heart rate and contractility may cause the obstruction to worsen, leading to a decrease in cardiac output. Other vasopressors like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine may increase contractility and/or heart rate. Additional trials may be necessary to further define the role of Phenylephrine hydrochloride in this condition.
Based on the American Urological Association guidelines for the management of priapism, due to the low risk of cardiovascular side effects intracavernous injection of Phenylephrine hydrochloride is recommended for ischemic priapism that persists following aspiration/irrigation.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride description
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic amine that acts predominantly on α-adrenergic receptors. It is mainly used to treat nasal congestion, but may also be useful in treating hypotension and shock, hypotension during spinal anaesthesia, prolongation of spinal anaesthesia, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, symptomatic relief of external or internal hemorrhoids, and to increase blood pressure as an aid in the diagnosis of heart murmurs.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride dosage
General Dosing Recommendations
In patients 1 year of age or greater, apply one drop of either Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 2.5% or 10% every 3 to 5 minutes to the conjunctival fornix as required up to a maximum of 3 drops per eye per day.
In order to obtain a greater degree of mydriasis, Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 10% may be needed.
Dosing in Pediatric Patients Less Than 1 Year of Age
In pediatric patients less than 1 year of age, one drop of Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 2.5% should be instilled at 3 to 5 minute intervals up to a maximum of 3 drops per eye.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride interactions
See also:
What other drugs will affect Phenylephrine hydrochloride?
Atropine
Concurrent use may enhance the pressor effects and induce tachycardia, especially in infants.
Beta-blockers
Decrease Phenylephrine hydrochloride’s effect.
Digitalis glycosides, general anesthetics
Arrhythmias.
Furazolidone, MAOIs
May significantly increase pressor response resulting in hypertensive crisis and intracranial hemorrhage.
Guanethidine, methyldopa, reserpine
May increase pressor response of Phenylephrine hydrochloride; resulting in severe hypertension.
Halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics
May sensitize myocardium to effects of catecholamines. Use extreme caution to avoid arrhythmias.
Oxytocic drugs
May cause severe persistent hypertension.
Tricyclic antidepressants
May decrease or increase response; use with caution.
Laboratory Test Interactions
Products with potassium guaiacolsulfonate may increase renal Cl for urate and thereby lower serum uric acid levels; may increase urinary 50 hydroxyindoleacetic acid; may falsely elevate VMA test for catecholis.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride side effects
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Phenylephrine hydrochloride?
The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:
- Cardiovascular Effects
- Elevation in Blood Pressure
The following adverse reactions have been identified following use of Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Ocular Adverse Reactions
Eye pain and stinging on instillation, temporary blurred vision and photophobia, and conjunctival sensitization may occur.
Systemic Adverse Reactions
A marked increase in blood pressure has been reported particularly, but not limited to low weight premature neonates, infants and hypertensive patients.
Cardiovascular effects which have been seen primarily in hypertensive patients following topical ocular use of Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 10% include marked increase in blood pressure, syncope, myocardial infarction, tachycardia, arrhythmia and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride contraindications
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Phenylephrine hydrochloride?
Cardiac and Endocrine Disease
Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 10% is contraindicated in patients with hypertension or thyrotoxicosis. Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 2.5% should be used in these patients.
Pediatric Patients Less Than 1 Year of Age
Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 10% is contraindicated in pediatric patients less than 1 year of age due to the increased risk of systemic toxicity. Phenylephrine hydrochloride hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 2.5% should be used in these patients.
Active ingredient matches for Chlorpheniramine maleate/dextromethorphan hydrobromide/menthol/phenylephrine hydrochloride:
Chlorpheniramine maleate/dextromethorphan hydrobromide/menthol/phenylephrine hydrochloride
List of Chlorpheniramine maleate/dextromethorphan hydrobromide/menthol/phenylephrine hydrochloride substitutes (brand and generic names) | Sort by popularity |
| Unit description / dosage (Manufacturer) | Price, USD |
| AMBROVOLK-D (India) | |
| AMBROVOLK-D syr 100ml (Medivolks) | $ 0.66 |
| AMBROZA-D SYR (India) | |
| AMBROZA-D SYR syr 100ml (Reliance Lifecare) | $ 0.72 |
| COFDREX-D (India) | |
| COFDREX-D syr 100ml (Mestra) | $ 0.54 |
| COFDREX-D syr 60ml (Mestra) | $ 0.36 |
| KOFSEIZZ (India) | |
| KOFSEIZZ syr 100ml (Brostin) | $ 0.90 |
| NOPUFF-D (India) | |
| NOPUFF-D syr 100ml (Medilente) | $ 0.70 |
| YACCA-PLACE SYR (India) | |
| YACCA-PLACE SYR syr 100ml (Genesis Rem.) | $ 0.43 |
References
- DailyMed. "CHLORPHENIRAMINE POLISTIREX; HYDROCODONE POLISTIREX: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- DailyMed. "DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- PubChem. "phenylephrine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/com... (accessed September 17, 2018).
Reviews
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
