Actions of Isoflo 100% in details
Isoflo 100% induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Isoflo 100% also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. Also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Isoflo 100% also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Isoflo 100% pharmacology
Isoflo 100% is an inhalation anesthetic. The MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) in man is as follows:
Age 100% Oxygen 70% N2O
26 ± 4 1.28 0.56
44 ± 7 1.15 0.50
64 ± 5 1.05 0.37
Induction of and recovery from Isoflo 100% anesthesia are rapid. Isoflo 100% has a mild pungency, which limits the rate of induction, although excessive salivation or tracheobronchial secretions do not appear to be stimulated. Pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes are readily obtunded. The level of anesthesia may be changed rapidly with Isoflo 100%. Isoflo 100% is a profound respiratory depressant. RESPIRATION MUST BE MONITORED CLOSELY AND SUPPORTED WHEN NECESSARY. As anesthetic dose is increased, tidal volume decreases and respiratory rate is unchanged. This depression is partially reversed by surgical stimulation, even at deeper levels of anesthesia. Isoflo 100% evokes a sigh response reminiscent of that seen with diethyl ether and enflurane, although the frequency is less than with enflurane.
Blood pressure decreases with induction of anesthesia but returns toward normal with surgical stimulation. Progressive increases in depth of anesthesia produce corresponding decreases in blood pressure. Nitrous oxide diminishes the inspiratory concentration of Isoflo 100% required to reach a desired level of anesthesia and may reduce the arterial hypotension seen with Isoflo 100% alone. Heart rhythm is remarkably stable. With controlled ventilation and normal PaCO2, cardiac
output is maintained despite increasing depth of anesthesia, primarily through an increase in heart rate, which compensates for a reduction in stroke volume. The hypercapnia, which attends spontaneous ventilation during Isoflo 100% anesthesia further increases heart rate and raises cardiac output above awake levels. Isoflo 100% does not sensitize the myocardium to exogenously administered epinephrine in the dog. Limited data indicate that subcutaneous injection of 0.25 mg of epinephrine (50 mL of 1:200,000 solution) does not produce an increase in ventricular arrhythmias in patients anesthetized with Isoflo 100%.
Muscle relaxation is often adequate for intra-abdominal operations at normal levels of anesthesia. Complete muscle paralysis can be attained with small doses of muscle relaxants. ALL COMMONLY USED MUSCLE RELAXANTS ARE MARKEDLY POTENTIATED WITH Isoflo 100%, THE EFFECT BEING MOST PROFOUND WITH THE NONDEPOLARIZING TYPE. Neostigmine reverses the effect of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in the presence of Isoflo 100%. All commonly used muscle relaxants are compatible with Isoflo 100%.
Isoflo 100% can produce coronary vasodilation at the arteriolar level in selected animal models1,2; the drug is probably also a coronary dilator in humans. Isoflo 100%, like some other coronary arteriolar dilators, has been shown to divert blood from collateral dependent myocardium to normally perfused areas in an animal model (“coronary steal”)3. Clinical studies to date evaluating myocardial ischemia, infarction and death as outcome parameters have not established that the coronary arteriolar dilation property of Isoflo 100% is associated with coronary steal or myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease4,5,6,7.
Pharmacokinetics
Isoflo 100% undergoes minimal biotransformation in man. In the postanesthesia period, only 0.17% of the Isoflo 100% taken up can be recovered as urinary metabolites.
References
- DailyMed. "ISOFLURANE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- EPA DSStox. "Isoflurane: DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.". https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/ds... (accessed September 17, 2018).
Reviews
The results of a survey conducted on ndrugs.com for Isoflo 100% are given in detail below. The results of the survey conducted are based on the impressions and views of the website users and consumers taking Isoflo 100%. We implore you to kindly base your medical condition or therapeutic choices on the result or test conducted by a physician or licensed medical practitioners.User reports
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
