Actions of Ophtacol in details
Description: Ophtacol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus preventing peptide bond formation by peptidyl transferase. It has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against H. influenzae, N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae.
Duration: Typhoid: 8-10 days; meningitis: 7-10 days; brain abscess: Up to 4 wk.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Readily absorbed with peak plasma concentrations after 1 or 2 hr (oral).
Distribution: Distributed widely into tissues and fluids, CSF (up to 50% even in the absence of meningitis), eye (aqueous and vitreous humours); crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk. Protein-binding: 60%.
Metabolism: Hydrolysed to the free drug in the GI tract (palmitate); liver by conjugation with glucuronic acid, lungs and kidneys after parenteral admin (sodium succinate).
Excretion: Via the urine (30% as unchanged before hydrolysis, 5-10% of an oral dose), via the bile (3%), via the faeces (1% as inactive form); 1.5-4 hr (elimination half-life).
How should I take Ophtacol?
For patients using the eye drop form of Ophtacol:
- Although the bottle may not be full, it contains exactly the amount of medicine your doctor ordered.
- To use:
- First, wash your hands. Tilt the head back and, pressing your finger gently on the skin just beneath the lower eyelid, pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to make a space. Drop the medicine into this space. Let go of the eyelid and gently close the eyes. Do not blink. Keep the eyes closed and apply pressure to the inner corner of the eye with your finger for 1 or 2 minutes to allow the medicine to come into contact with the infection.
- If you think you did not get the drop of medicine into your eye properly, use another drop.
- To keep the medicine as germ-free as possible, do not touch the applicator tip or dropper to any surface (including the eye). Also, keep the container tightly closed.
To use the eye ointment form of Ophtacol:
- First, wash your hands. Tilt the head back and, pressing your finger gently on the skin just beneath the lower eyelid, pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to make a space. Squeeze a thin strip of ointment into this space. A 1-cm (approximately 1/3-inch) strip of ointment is usually enough, unless you have been told by your doctor to use a different amount. Let go of the eyelid and gently close the eyes. Keep the eyes closed for 1 or 2 minutes to allow the medicine to come into contact with the infection.
- To keep the medicine as germ-free as possible, do not touch the applicator tip to any surface (including the eye). After using Ophtacol eye ointment, wipe the tip of the ointment tube with a clean tissue and keep the tube tightly closed.
To help clear up your infection completely, keep using Ophtacol for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. If you stop using Ophtacol too soon, your symptoms may return. Do not miss any doses.
Dosing
The dose of Ophtacol will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of Ophtacol. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
- For eye infection:
- For ophthalmic ointment dosage form:
- Adults and children—Use every three hours.
- For ophthalmic solution (eye drops) dosage form:
- Adults and children—One drop every one to four hours.
- For ophthalmic ointment dosage form:
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of Ophtacol, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ophtacol administration
IV: For IV use only; do not administer IM. Can be administered IVP over at least 1 minute at a concentration of 100 mg/mL.
Ophtacol pharmacology
Reversibly binds to 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible organisms preventing amino acids from being transferred to growing peptide chains thus inhibiting protein synthesis
Distribution
To most tissues and body fluids (Ambrose 1984); good CSF and brain penetration
CSF concentration with uninflamed meninges: 21% to 50% of plasma concentration
CSF concentration with inflamed meninges: 45% to 89% of plasma concentration
V: Ophtacol: 0.6 to 1 L/kg; Ophtacol succinate: 0.2 to 3.1 L/kg (Ambrose 1984)
Metabolism
Ophtacol: Hepatic to metabolites (inactive); Ophtacol succinate: Hydrolyzed in the liver, kidney and lungs to Ophtacol (active) (Ambrose 1984)
Excretion
Urine (~30% as unchanged Ophtacol succinate in adults, 6% to 80% in children; 5% to 15% as Ophtacol) (Ambrose 1984; Powell 1982)
Half-Life Elimination
Neonates: 1 to 2 days: 24 hours; 10 to 16 days: 10 hours
Ophtacol: Infants: Significantly prolonged (Powell 1982); Children 4 to 6 hours; Adults: ~4 hours (Ambrose 1984)
Hepatic disease: Prolonged (Ambrose 1984)
Protein Binding
Ophtacol: ~60%; decreased with hepatic or renal dysfunction and 30% to 40% in newborn infants (Ambrose 1984)
References
- DailyMed. "CHLORAMPHENICOL: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- NCIt. "Chloramphenicol: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- EPA DSStox. "Chloramphenicol: DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.". https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/ds... (accessed September 17, 2018).
Reviews
The results of a survey conducted on ndrugs.com for Ophtacol are given in detail below. The results of the survey conducted are based on the impressions and views of the website users and consumers taking Ophtacol. We implore you to kindly base your medical condition or therapeutic choices on the result or test conducted by a physician or licensed medical practitioners.User reports
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
