Pregnancy of Trimethoprim in details
Trimethoprim has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA. Animal studies have revealed evidence of teratogenicity. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy. Trimethoprim should only be given during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
There are no reports of teratogenicity associated with Trimethoprim as a single agent. However, the Michigan Medicaid surveillance study demonstrated possible teratogenic effects associated with the combination drug, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). This report is a summary of information from two studies, one in which 1,116 of 104,000 pregnant women from 1980 to 1983, and one in which 2,296 of 229,000 pregnant women from 1985 to 1992 received TMP-SMX. In the first study, 83 total defects (13 cardiovascular defects) were observed (14 and 2 were expected, respectively). In the second study, 126 total defects (37 cardiovascular defects) were observed (98 and 27 were expected, respectively). Cleft palate was observed in three cases in the latter study. These data support an association between TMP-SMX and congenital defects, although other causes such as the underlying disease(s) of the mother and concomitant drug therapy are unaccounted for. Moreover, the individual contributions of TMP versus SMX are not known. There has also been a single report of Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome, characterized by mental and growth retardation and craniofacial abnormalities, associated with TMP-SMX.
See references
Trimethoprim breastfeeding
The average milk levels obtained after Trimethoprim 160 mg twice a day range from 1.8 to 2.0 mcg/mL between two and three hours after dosing. No adverse effects of Trimethoprim on nursing infants have been reported.
Trimethoprim is excreted into human milk in small amounts. The risk of interference with folic acid metabolism exists. The combination Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is considered compatible with breast-feeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The manufacturer recommends caution when Trimethoprim is administered to nursing women.
See references
References for pregnancy information
- Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ.. "Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed." Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins (1998):
- Koutras A, Fisher S "Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome: a new malformation syndrome of postnatal dwarfism, mental retardation, unusual face, and protruding ears." J Pediatr 101 (1982): 417-9
- "Product Information. Trimpex (Trimethoprim)." Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
References for breastfeeding information
- Miller RD, Salter AJ "The passage of Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole into breast milk and its significance." Progress in Chemotherapy (book), Hellenic Soc for Chemother (pub) 1 (1974): 687-91
- Roberts RJ, Blumer JL, Gorman RL, et al "American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs: Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 84 (1989): 924-36
- "Product Information. Trimpex (Trimethoprim)." Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
References
- DailyMed. "POLYMYXIN B SULFATE; TRIMETHOPRIM SULFATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- PubMed Health. "Primsol: This section provide the link out information of drugs collectetd in PubMed Health. ". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhe... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). "Trimethoprim: The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.". http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
