Consists of calcium, L-lysine, methionine, niacinamide, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin B2, vitamin B6
Actions of Calcium in details
Calcium containing preparations (including calcium salts such as, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, and phosphate) belong to a group of medicines called calcium supplements. Calcium, stored mostly in bones and teeth, is required by the body for maintaining bones, muscles, nervous system, and healthy heart.
Calcium pharmacology
Calcium chloride in water dissociates to provide calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. They are normal constituents of the body fluids and are dependent on various physiological mechanisms for maintenance of balance between intake and output.
Actions of L-lysine in details
Proteins of the herpes simplex virus are rich in L-arginine, and tissue culture studies indicate an enhancing effect on viral replication when the amino acid ratio of L-arginine to L-lysine is high in the tissue culture media. When the ratio of L-lysine to L-arginine is high, viral replication and the cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex virus have been found to be inhibited. L-lysine may facilitate the absorption of L-lysine from the small intestine.
L-lysine pharmacology
Insures the adequate absorption of L-lysine; helps form collagen ( which makes up bone cartilage & connective tissues); aids in the production of antibodies, hormones & enzymes. Recent studies have shown that Lysine may be effective against herpes by improving the balance of nutrients that reduce viral growth. A deficiency may result in tiredness, inability to concentrate, irritability, bloodshot eyes, retarded growth, hair loss, anemia & reproductive problems.
How should I take Methionine?
You should not take more of methionine, or take it more often, than your doctor ordered. You should also make sure that you get enough protein in your diet. This is especially important in infants. Infants who get too much racemethionine and not enough protein may not gain weight as they should. If you have any questions about this, ask your health care professional.
Take racemethionine with, or just after, meals.
For patients taking racemethionine capsules:
- If you are unable to swallow the capsule, the contents may be added to juice, water, or warm milk or infant formula.
For patients taking racemethionine oral solution:
- Use a specially marked measuring spoon or other device to measure each dose accurately. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.
Make certain your health care professional knows if you are on any special diet, such as a low-protein diet.
Dosing
The dose of methionine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of methionine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
- For making urine more acidic:
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
- Adults and teenagers—The usual dose is 200 milligrams (mg) three or four times a day.
- Children—The usual dose is the contents of 1 capsule (200 mg) added to a warm bottle of milk or formula in the evening, or added to a glass of juice or water.
- For oral dosage form (oral solution):
- Adults and children older than 14 months of age—The usual dose is 2⅔ teaspoonfuls (200 mg) three or four times a day.
- Children 6 to 14 months of age—The usual dose is 1 teaspoonful (75 mg) four times a day for three to five days.
- Children 2 to 6 months of age—The usual dose is 1 teaspoonful (75 mg) three times a day for three to five days.
- Children up to 2 months of age—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and teenagers—The usual dose is 500 mg three or four times a day.
- Children—The capsule or oral solution is the recommended dosage form for this age group.
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of methionine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Methionine pharmacology
The mechanism of the possible anti-hepatotoxic activity of L-methionine is not entirely clear. It is thought that metabolism of high doses of acetaminophen in the liver lead to decreased levels of hepatic glutathione and increased oxidative stress. L-methionine is a precursor to L-cysteine. L-cysteine itself may have antioxidant activity. L-cysteine is also a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione. Antioxidant activity of L-methionine and metabolites of L-methionine appear to account for its possible anti-hepatotoxic activity. Recent research suggests that methionine itself has free-radical scavenging activity by virtue of its sulfur, as well as its chelating ability.
Actions of Niacinamide in details
Niacinamide as a nutritional supplement is necessary for tissue respiration, glucose production, lipid, amino acid, protein, and purine metabolism in the body. Niacinamide at higher doses lowers blood levels of cholesterol and triglyceride.
How should I take Vitamin B1?
Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Injectable thiamine is injected into a muscle. You may be shown how to use injections at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles and syringes.
Do not use the injectable medication if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your doctor for a new prescription.
The recommended dietary allowance of thiamine increases with age. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may also consult the National Academy of Sciences "Dietary Reference Intake" or the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "Dietary Reference Intake" (formerly "Recommended Daily Allowances" or RDA) listings for more information.
Thiamine is only part of a complete program of treatment that may also include a special diet. It is very important to follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor or nutrition counselor. You should become very familiar with the list of foods you should eat or avoid to help control your condition.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
Vitamin B1 pharmacology
It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux.
Actions of Vitamin B12 in details
Vitamin B12 refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins. It has high biological activity. Vitamin B12 Atlantic Laboratories is necessary for normal hematopoiesis (promotes maturation of erythrocytes). Involved in the processes of transmethylation, hydrogen transport, synthesis of Vitamin B12, nucleic acids, choline, creatine. Contributes to the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups. Has a beneficial effect on liver function and the nervous system. Activates the coagulation of blood in high doses causes an increase in the activity of thromboplastin and prothrombin.
How should I take Vitamin B12?
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Cyanocobalamin injection is injected into a muscle or under the skin. You may be shown how to use injections at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles and syringes.
Use a disposable needle only once. Follow any state or local laws about throwing away used needles and syringes. Use a puncture-proof "sharps" disposal container (ask your pharmacist where to get one and how to throw it away). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.
Your dose needs may change if you become pregnant, if you breast-feed, or if you eat a vegetarian diet. Tell your doctor about any changes in your diet or medical condition.
While using cyanocobalamin injection, you may need frequent blood tests.
Use cyanocobalamin injection regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.
Pernicious anemia is also treated with folic acid to help maintain red blood cells. However, folic acid will not treat Vitamin B12 deficiency and will not prevent possible damage to the spinal cord. Use all of your medications as directed.
To treat pernicious anemia, you may have to use cyanocobalamin for the rest of your life. Do not stop using the medicine unless your doctor tells you to. Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a recurrence of anemia and irreversible nerve damage.
Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
Vitamin B12 pharmacology
Vitamin B12 exists in four major forms referred to collectively as cobalamins; deoxyadenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and cyanocobalamin. Two of these, methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin, are primarily used by the body. Vitamin B12 synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Actions of Vitamin B2 in details
Vitamin B2 is required for proper development and function of the skin, lining of the digestive tract, blood cells, and many other parts of the body. It is required for generating energy from proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Vitamin B2 acts as an antioxidant and also plays a role in the action of other group B vitamins such as activation of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and conversion of the amino acid tryptophan to vitamin B3 (niacin).
How should I take Vitamin B2?
Use riboflavin as directed on the label, or as your healthcare provider has prescribed. Do not use this product in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.
Take this product with a full glass of water.
Store riboflavin at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Vitamin B2 pharmacology
Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase. Vitamin B2 is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin monophosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is the cofactor of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases among other things. The glutathione peroxidases are major antioxidant enzymes. Reduced glutathione is generated by the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase.
Actions of Vitamin B6 in details
Vitamin B6, principally in its biologically active coenzyme form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Vitamin B6 pharmacology
Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
References
- DailyMed. "CALCIUM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- NCIt. "Calcium: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- NCIt. "Lysine: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
